图书简介:
第 1 单元 在线学习与生活 ································································1
第 1 课时 画几何图形 ································································1
第 2 课时 认识编程软件 ·····························································4
第 3 课时 感知智能生活 ·····························································7
第 4 课时 我为家乡代言 ··························································.10
第 5 课时 视频初级编辑 ··························································.13
第 2 单元 获取与体验在线资源 ·······················································.17
第 1 课时 分类整理资源 ··························································.17
第 2 课时 体验在线生活 ··························································.20
第 3 单元 数据与编码 ···································································.23
第 1 课时 初识信息 ································································.23
第 2 课时 走近身边的数据 ·······················································.30
第 3 课时 身边的编码 ·····························································.36
第 4 单元 身边的数据 ···································································.41
第 1 课时 身边的数据 ·····························································.41
第 2 课时 获取数据 ································································.46
第 3 课时 整理数据 ································································.49
第 4 课时 数据创造大价值 ·······················································.53
第 5 单元 认识算法 ······································································.56
第 1 课时 初识算法 ································································.56
第 2 课时 顺序结构 ································································.59
第 3 课时 认识顺序控制结构 ····················································.63
第 4 课时 项目实践 1:程序验证算法(顺序结构) ·······················.67
第 5 课时 循环结构 ································································.71
第 6 课时 项目实践 2:利用程序验证算法(循环结构) ·················.74
第 6 单元 身边的算法 ···································································.77
第 1 课时 体验身边的算法,用自然语言描述算法(农夫过河) ·······.77
第 2 课时 计算硬币的个数——用算法解决问题 ····························.82
第 3 课时 计算机视觉 ·····························································.87
第 4 课时 飞翔的小鸟 ·····························································.90
第 5 课时 租车方案设计(1)···················································.94
第 6 课时 租车方案设计(2)···················································.98
第 7 课时 项目实践:你的身材标准吗?(1)······························101
第 8 课时 项目实践:你的身材标准吗?(2)······························105
第 7 单元 身边的系统 ···································································109
第 1 课时 生活中的系统 ··························································109
第 2 课时 系统的构成 ·····························································112
第 3 课时 观察系统 ································································117
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序 言
党的十八大以来,党中央高度重视科学技术发展与相关学科教育。习近平总书记将科技、教育、人才统筹部署,要求在教育“双减”中做好科学教育加法,强调教育数字化是开辟教育发展新赛道和塑造教育发展新优势的重要突破口,要进一步推进数字教育,为个性化学习、终身学习、扩大优质教育资源覆盖面和教育现代化提供有效支撑。2022 年教育部首次把信息科技列为国家课程,发布了《义务教育信息科技课程标准》,开启了信息科技教学研究和实践的改革。
各地各校认真落实,因地制宜,取得了不同程度的进展。然而,信息科技教育还是个新生事物,课程标准落地落实面临教师对课程标准认识水平参差不齐、学科核心素养把握不准、课程实施缺乏有效路径等诸多挑战,课程教材研究落实国家总体要求,以新课程方案和课程标准为载体,利用其国家级高水平课程教材专业研究平台优势,汇聚信息科技课程标准起草组顶尖专家和学科秘书专业团队,与各实验区合作推进信息科技课程标准落地。通过研究,提出面向核心素养的信息科技学科单元教学设计与实现的普适化路径,并在实验区一线教师、教研员的共同努力下,全员参与、科学编制、层层把关、打磨迭代、优中选优形成典型案例集,体现了课程教材研究所服务立德树人、服务国家战略、支撑教育强国建设等方面的知行合一。
在诸多地方和学校的实践中,鄂尔多斯市的“康巴什经验”成为一颗耀眼的明珠。他们在市课程教材研究所的引领下,坚持下“先手棋”,紧抓教育数字化转型发展新机遇以破局,突出自身特色,形成了“一二三四五”模式。一套模板。研制一套单元教学设计模板,覆盖单元教学规划和课时教学设计,贯通课堂教学前后的要素进行统一设计。主要包含主题概述、主题学情分析、开放性学习环境、单元学习目标、单元教学任务、评价建议、单元作业与测试等部分及反思性教学改进。
义务教育两个阶段“全覆盖”。指导实验区进行单元教学设计与实践时,实验区学科教师、教研员必须全员参与、责任到人,共同研制形成义务教育小学、初中两个阶段全覆盖的教学设计案例。一方面,考虑内容的全面性,先有后好,
为实验区乃至更大范围的一线教师、教研员提供参考;另一方面,在此过程中推动发挥一线骨干教师引领作用,以及实验区作为先进地区的示范带动作用。用好三方面的现实基础。教学实践中,信息科技教学存在一定的现实基础,
即学生已受到一定程度的信息技能培训、与课程标准理念不全相符的地方课程教材确有可取之处,以及既有教学设计不乏优质典型情境案例。为此,在指导单元教学设计与实践时,注重用好三个方面的现实基础。一是科技并重,以素
养培育为目标,通过项目化、任务化的手段,有机结合技能运用。二是结合教与学实际,从原地方课程教材中遴选场景,充分运用。三是在既有教学设计中遴选可取之处,特别是充分借鉴紧扣学生生活、项目化活动化开展的主题。
强化四个方面核心素养的培育。教学设计中着力强化信息意识、计算思维、数字化学习与创新、信息社会责任等四个方面核心素养的培育,形成螺旋上升、循序渐进、相互促进的系统性培养闭环。在教学设计中不断强调核心素养培育
思想,精准渗透培育理念与做法。特别关注五个方面。一是关注思想性。强化立德树人,关注社会主义先进文化、革命文化、中华优秀传统文化等的融入。例如,学习了解我国互联网建设成就;贯彻落实总体国家安全观,在网络安全相关环节融入部分机构遭受境外网络攻击真实案例,激发民族自豪感、认同感等。二是关注跨学科。有针对性地组织、开展、强化学科交叉理念的综合性学习,如与数学学科进行结合,进行“身边的算法”相关教学;同时,积极纳入中华优秀传统文化中的历史故事和趣味案例,如鸡兔同笼、韩信点兵、郑和下西洋等作为情境案例,在教学过程中自然体现中华优秀传统文化元素和内容。三是关注实践性。运用学生熟悉的生活场景,以真实问题或项目驱动,引导学生经历原理运用过程、计算思维培养过程和数字化工具应用过程,建构知识,提升问题解决能力。四是关注“教学评”一致性。在教学设计中明确课堂测评素养落实情况。例如,可以从科学和技能两个维度,制订可评可测的、精准到具体表现的评价量表。五是关注不同学段、年级之间的衔接性。全面对照课程标准内容开展教学设计,通常本身具备学段衔接方面的优势。因此,在不同学段间、不同年级乃至不同单元和课时间考虑和尊重学生学习基础,提升课程科学性和系统性。
他们的经验翔实地反映在“信息科技教学设计案例集”丛书中,显示出信息科技课标是如何在西部民族地区落地生根的,怎样结出硕果的。该书的出版价值和意义在于真正探索出一条基于数字教育手段、服务数字教育学科单元教学设计的普适化路径。以轻装上阵的姿态直通基础教育阶段科学教育的高地,代表着现阶段数字化时代信息科技与学科教学紧密结合开展单元教学的最优解,同时兼具较强的可复制性、可推广性,率先为广大边疆地区教育发展做出
了引领示范。与“宁夏经验”形成数字化教育“双子星塔”的局面,未来可期。
落实信息科技课标,推进教育数字化转型,赋能教育高质量发展,不仅在鄂尔多斯市的康巴什实验区得到了生动地体现,而且在其他地区也结出了累累硕果,如广州黄埔实验区的“数智融创”、深圳南山实验区的“素养课堂”、重庆江津实验区的“科学教育人才战略”和开州实验区的“一体化示范”、云南宣威实验区的“城乡一体协同发展”等,课程教材研究所信息科技实验研究团队将深入总结提炼各实验区的突出成果,加强各实验区的合作交流,成熟一批推广一批,为教育数字化转型作出更大的贡献。
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