第 1 章 语言学备考指南 ······························································································.1
一、考核要求 ····································································································································.1
二、主要参考书目 ····························································································································.1
三、常见题型分析及解题技巧 ········································································································.1
四、备考建议 ····································································································································.4
第 2 章 语言学考点精讲精练 ···················································································.5
第一节 语言与语言学（ Language and Linguistics） ···········································································.5
一 思维导图 ·····························································································································.5
二 语言的定义 ·························································································································.6
三 人类语言的区别性特征 ·····································································································.7
四 语言的功能 ·························································································································.9
五 语言学的定义 ···················································································································.12
六 微观语言学 ·······················································································································.13
七 宏观语言学 ·······················································································································.15
八 语言学中的重要区别 ·······································································································.16
九 历年名校真题 ···················································································································.18
第二节 语音学与音系学（ Phonetics and Phonology） ········································································.22
一 思维导图 ···························································································································.22
二 语音学 ·······························································································································.22
三 音系学 ·······························································································································.29
四 历年名校真题 ···················································································································.33
第三节 词汇与形态学（ Word and Morphology） ···············································································.38
一 思维导图 ···························································································································.38
二 词 ·······································································································································.38
三 语素 ···································································································································.40
四 词的构成 ···························································································································.42
五 历年名校真题 ···················································································································.46
第四节 句法学（ Syntax） ·······················································································································.50
一 思维导图 ···························································································································.50
二 句法关系 ···························································································································.50
三 结构体和直接成分 ···········································································································.51
四 句法功能 ···························································································································.53
五 范畴 ···································································································································.54
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六 短语、分句和句子 ···········································································································.55
七 递归性 ·······························································································································.56
八 句子之外 ···························································································································.56
九 历年名校真题 ···················································································································.57
第五节 语义学（ Semantics） ·················································································································.61
一 思维导图 ···························································································································.61
二 语义学的定义 ···················································································································.61
三 关于意义研究的一些观点 ·······························································································.61
四 词汇意义 ···························································································································.64
五 句子之间的涵义关系 ·······································································································.69
六 意义分析 ···························································································································.70
七 历年名校真题 ···················································································································.73
第六节 语用学（ Pragmatics） ···············································································································.77
一 思维导图 ···························································································································.77
二 言语行为的分类 ···············································································································.77
三 言语行为理论 ···················································································································.78
四 合作原则及会话含义 ·······································································································.81
五 后格莱斯时期的发展 ·······································································································.83
六 史蒂芬.列文森的Q原则、I原则与M原则 ···································································.87
七 历年名校真题 ···················································································································.89
第七节 语言与认知（ Language and Cognition） ················································································.93
一 思维导图 ···························································································································.93
二 认知的定义 ·······················································································································.94
三 语言与认知研究的三种途径 ···························································································.94
四 语言习得 ···························································································································.94
五 语言理解 ···························································································································.95
六 语言生成 ···························································································································.96
七 认知语言学 ·······················································································································.97
八 历年名校真题 ·················································································································.102
第八节 语言、文化与社会（ Language, Culture and Society） ··························································.106
一 思维导图 ·························································································································.106
二 语言与文化 ·····················································································································.106
三 语言与社会 ·····················································································································.109
四 选择语码 ·························································································································.110
五 禁忌语、委婉语和俚语 ·································································································.111
六 社会语言学 ·····················································································································.111
七 跨文化交际 ·····················································································································.113
八 历年名校真题 ·················································································································.114
第九节 语言与文学（ Language and Literature） ·············································································.119
一 思维导图 ·························································································································.119
二 文体和文体学 ·················································································································.119
三 文学语言的特征 ·············································································································.120
四 文学语言的分析 ·············································································································.123
五 历年名校真题 ·················································································································.127
第十节 语言与计算机（ Language and Computer） ··········································································.130
一 思维导图 ·························································································································.130
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二 计算语言学 ·····················································································································.130
三 计算机辅助教学（CAI） ······························································································.131
四 机器翻译 ·························································································································.132
五 语料库语言学 ·················································································································.134
六 计算机媒介传播 ·············································································································.135
七 历年名校真题 ·················································································································.136
第十一节 语言学与外语教学（ Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching） ······························.139
一 思维导图 ·························································································································.139
二 语言教育研究关键词 ·····································································································.139
三 输入和相关学习因素 ·····································································································.140
四 习得顺序与语言学习 ·····································································································.141
五 语言学理论与教学途径 ·································································································.142
六 语言教学的大纲设计 ·····································································································.146
七 对比分析与错误分析 ·····································································································.148
八 历年名校真题 ·················································································································.149
第十二节 语言学理论流派（ School of Linguistic Theories） ···························································.153
一 思维导图 ·························································································································.153
二 费迪南.德.索绪尔：现代语言学开创者 ································································.153
三 布拉格学派 ·····················································································································.154
四 伦敦学派与功能语言学 ·································································································.156
五 美国结构主义 ·················································································································.158
六 转换生成语法 ·················································································································.160
七 主要的语言学家及其成就 ·····························································································.163
八 历年名校真题 ·················································································································.164
本章历年名校真题参考答案 ·················································································································.168
第 3 章 语言学名校真题集训25套 ····································································.192
Test 1 北京航空航天大学 ···············.192
Test 2 北京航空航天大学 ···············.193
Test 3 北京外国语大学 ···················.194
Test 4 北京外国语大学 ···················.197
Test 5 天津外国语大学 ···················.200
Test 6 华南理工大学 ·······················.202
Test 7 华南理工大学 ·······················.203
Test 8 华南理工大学 ·······················.205
Test 9 暨南大学 ·······························.207
Test 10 暨南大学 ·····························.209
Test 11 暨南大学 ·····························.211
Test 12 山东大学 ·····························.213
Test 13 山东大学 ·····························.214
Test 14 上海外国语大学 ··················215
Test 15 四川师范大学 ······················216
Test 16 四川师范大学 ······················218
Test 17 四川师范大学 ······················219
Test 18 长沙理工大学 ······················220
Test 19 长沙理工大学 ······················222
Test 20 长沙理工大学 ······················225
Test 21 长沙理工大学 ······················228
Test 22 中国海洋大学 ······················231
Test 23 中山大学 ······························234
Test 24 中山大学 ······························237
Test 25 中山大学 ······························239
Tests 1~25参考答案 ·······························································································································.241
参考文献 ··················································································································································290
本书视频课二维码所在页码：1，5，22，38，50，61，77，93，106，119，130，139，153