图书简介:
目录
第1章初识ERP ··························································································· -1 -
1.1 企业管理的困惑 ················································································· -1 -
1.2 ERP发展历程 ···················································································· -2 -
1.2.1 订货点法·················································································· -2 -
1.2.2 基本 MRP ················································································ -4 -
1.2.3 闭环 MRP ················································································ -5 -
1.2.4 制造资源计划 MRP II··································································-6 -
1.2.5 企业资源计划 ERP ····································································· -8 -
1.3 ERP管理思想 ·················································································· -10 -
1.3.1 ERP的管理思想 ······································································ -10 -
1.3.2 ERP与先进生产管理理念 ·························································· -13 -
1.3.3 ERP与业务流程重组 ································································ -15 -
1.4 ERP系统主要功能模块 ······································································ -18 -
1.4.1 财务管理················································································ -19 -
1.4.2 生产管理与控制······································································· -19 -
1.4.3 供应链管理············································································· -20 -
1.5 ERP软件市场概况 ············································································ -21 -
1.5.1 ERP软件市场现状 ··································································· -21 -
1.5.2 常见 ERP产品介绍··································································· -22 -
1.5.3 ERP应用现状 ········································································· -24 -
1.5.4 ERP未来发展趋势 ··································································· -26 -
复习思考题 ···························································································· -27 -
第 2章ERP总体流程体验 ············································································ -28 -
2.1 金蝶 ERP系统简介 ··········································································· -28 -
2.1.1 金蝶 ERP系统功能··································································· -28 -
2.1.2 金蝶 ERP数据流程··································································· -30 -
2.2 虚拟企业基本资料 ············································································ -32 -
2.2.1 基础数据················································································ -32 -
2.2.2 产品 BOM ·············································································· -35 -
2.3 引入账套 ························································································ -35 -
2.4 销售订单管理 ·················································································· -39 -
2.5 MRP物料需求计划 ··········································································· -43 -
2.6 采购与外购入库 ··············································································· -50 -
2.7 生产任务管理 ·················································································· -55 -
2.8 销售出库 ························································································ -60 -
复习思考题 ···························································································· -63 -
第 3章模拟企业实例资料 ············································································· -64 -
3.1 公司概况 ························································································ -64 -
3.2 基础资料 ························································································ -65 -
3.3 初始数据 ························································································ -68 -
第 4章账套管理 ························································································· -71 -
4.1 账套管理操作 ·················································································· -71 -
4.1.1 新建账套················································································ -71 -
4.1.2 属性设置和启用账套································································· -73 -
4.1.3 账套备份················································································ -75 -
4.1.4 账套恢复················································································ -77 -
4.2 用户管理 ························································································ -78 -
复习思考题 ···························································································· -82 -
第 5章基础资料设置 ··················································································· -83 -
5.1 币别······························································································· -83 -
5.2 科目设置 ························································································ -84 -
5.3 凭证字···························································································· -91 -
5.4 计量单位 ························································································ -92 -
5.5 核算项目管理 ·················································································· -94 -
5.5.1 部门······················································································ -94 -
5.5.2 职员······················································································ -96 -
5.5.3 客户······················································································ -98 -
5.5.4 供应商·················································································· -100 -
5.5.5 仓库····················································································· -102 -
5.5.6 物料····················································································· -104 -
5.6 BOS数据交换平台 ··········································································· -110 -
5.7 供应链系统初始化 ··········································································· -114 -
5.7.1 核算参数设置········································································· -114 -
5.7.2 初始数据录入········································································· -117 -
5.7.3 启动业务系统········································································· -122 -
复习思考题 ··························································································· -123 -
第 6章生产数据管理 ·················································································· -124 -
6.1 工厂日历 ······················································································· -124 -
6.2 BOM新增 ······················································································ -125 -
6.3 BOM维护 ······················································································ -134 -
6.3.1 BOM合法性检查 ···································································· -134 -
6.3.2 BOM低位码维护 ···································································· -135 -
6.3.3 BOM成批修改、成批新增、成批删除·········································-135 -
6.3.4 工程变更··············································································· -135 -
6.3.5 客户 BOM ············································································· -139 -
6.4 BOM查询 ······················································································ -141 -
6.4.1 BOM单级展开 ······································································· -141 -
6.4.2 BOM多级展开 ······································································· -142 -
6.4.3 BOM综合展开 ······································································· -142 -
6.4.4 BOM单级反查 ······································································· -143 -
6.4.5 BOM多级反查 ······································································· -144 -
6.4.6 成本 BOM查询 ······································································ -144 -
6.4.7 BOM差异分析 ······································································· -146 -
6.4.8 BOM树形查看 ······································································· -147 -
6.4.9 BOM预期呆滞料分析表 ··························································· -147 -
6.5 工艺路线设置 ················································································· -148 -
6.5.1 工序资料··············································································· -148 -
6.5.2 工作中心··············································································· -149 -
6.5.3 资源清单··············································································· -151 -
6.5.4 工艺路线··············································································· -152 -
复习思考题 ··························································································· -155 -
第 7章销售管理 ························································································ -156 -
7.1 系统概述 ······················································································· -156 -
7.1.1 销售管理业务流程··································································· -156 -
7.1.2 与其他子系统的关系································································ -157 -
7.1.3 销售业务模式········································································· -157 -
7.2 销售管理系统设置 ··········································································· -158 -
7.2.1 收款条件设置········································································· -158 -
7.2.2 价格政策维护········································································· -161 -
7.2.3 单据自定义············································································ -166 -
7.2.4 套打格式设置········································································· -171 -
7.2.5 审核流管理············································································ -174 -
7.2.6 权限管理··············································································· -178 -
7.3 日常业务处理 ················································································· -183 -
7.3.1 销售报价单············································································ -183 -
7.3.2 销售订单··············································································· -186 -
7.3.3 客户价格管理········································································· -190 -
7.3.4 订单变更··············································································· -192 -
7.3.5 客户信用管理········································································· -196 -
7.3.6 发货通知单············································································ -201 -
7.3.7 销售出库单············································································ -203 -
7.3.8 销售退货单············································································ -203 -
7.3.9 财务结算··············································································· -207 -
7.4 报表统计分析 ················································································· -209 -
复习思考题 ··························································································· -211 -
第 8章物料需求计划 ·················································································· -212 -
8.1 系统概述 ······················································································· -212 -
8.1.1 物料需求计划制订过程 ···························································· -212 -
8.1.2 物料需求计划运行流程 ···························································· -213 -
8.1.3 与其他子系统的关系································································ -214 -
8.2 系统参数设置 ················································································· -214 -
8.2.1 计划展望期维护······································································ -214 -
8.2.2 MRP计划方案维护 ································································· -215 -
8.3 日常业务处理 ················································································· -222 -
8.3.1 产品预测··············································································· -222 -
8.3.2 MRP计算·············································································· -223 -
8.3.3 MRP维护及投放 ···································································· -228 -
复习思考题 ··························································································· -238 -
第 9章采购管理 ························································································ -239 -
9.1 系统概述 ······················································································· -239 -
9.1.1 采购管理业务流程··································································· -239 -
9.1.2 与其他子系统的关系································································ -240 -
9.1.3 采购业务模式········································································· -241 -
9.2 采购管理系统设置 ··········································································· -241 -
9.2.1 付款条件设置········································································· -241 -
9.2.2 采购价格管理········································································· -242 -
9.2.3 单据自定义············································································ -249 -
9.3 日常业务处理 ················································································· -252 -
9.3.1 采购申请··············································································· -252 -
9.3.2 采购订单··············································································· -254 -
9.3.3 订单变更··············································································· -258 -
9.3.4 收料通知/请检单····································································· -259 -
9.3.5 外购入库单············································································ -262 -
9.3.6 退料通知单············································································ -266 -
9.3.7 财务结算··············································································· -272 -
9.4 采购报表查询分析 ··········································································· -277 -
复习思考题 ··························································································· -278 -
第 10章生产任务管理················································································· -280 -
10.1 系统概述 ······················································································ -280 -
10.1.1 生产管理业务流程································································ -280 -
10.1.2 与其他子系统的关系 ···························································· -280 -
10.2 生产管理系统设置 ·········································································· -281 -
10.3 日常业务处理 ················································································ -283 -
10.3.1 手工生产任务单··································································· -283 -
10.3.2 返工生产任务······································································ -284 -
10.3.3 生产任务分割······································································ -286 -
10.3.4 任务单查询········································································· -288 -
10.3.5 任务单下达与反下达 ···························································· -291 -
10.3.6 模拟发料············································································ -295 -
10.3.7 生产领料············································································ -296 -
10.3.8 生产物料报废······································································ -301 -
10.3.9 产品入库············································································ -303 -
10.4 生产报表查询分析 ·········································································· -307 -
复习思考题 ··························································································· -308 -
第 11章车间作业管理················································································· -309 -
11.1系统概述 ······················································································ -309 -
11.2日常业务处理 ················································································ -310 -
11.2.1 工序流转卡查看及打印·························································· -310 -
11.2.2 工序流转卡排程··································································· -311 -
11.2.3 工序流转卡汇报··································································· -312 -
11.2.4 委外工序转出单··································································· -316 -
11.2.5 委外工序接收单··································································· -317 -
11.2.6 其他工序业务处理································································ -319 -
11.3车间作业报表查询分析 ···································································· -320 -
复习思考题 ··························································································· -323
-第 12章仓存管理······················································································· -325 -
12.1 系统概述 ······················································································ -325 -
12.1.1 仓存管理业务流程································································ -325 -
12.1.2 与其他子系统的关系 ···························································· -326 -
12.2 日常业务处理 ················································································ -327 -
12.2.1 外购入库············································································ -327 -
12.2.2 半成品入库········································································· -328 -
12.2.3 生产领料············································································ -330 -
12.2.4 产成品入库········································································· -334 -
12.2.5 销售出库············································································ -336 -
12.2.6 仓库调拨············································································ -341 -
12.2.7 盘点作业············································································ -342 -
12.3 仓存报表分析 ················································································ -347 -
复习思考题 ··························································································· -348 -
第 13章综合实训······················································································· -349 -
13.1 案例背景 ······················································································ -349 -
13.1.1 企业经营模式······································································ -349 -
13.1.2 信息化特点········································································· -350 -
13.2 基础资料 ······················································································ -350 -
13.2.1 部门·················································································· -350 -
13.2.2 职员·················································································· -351 -
13.2.3 客户·················································································· -351 -
13.2.4 供应商··············································································· -352 -
13.2.5 币别·················································································· -352 -
13.2.6 科目·················································································· -352 -
13.2.7 仓库、仓位········································································· -353 -
13.2.8 物料·················································································· -354 -
13.2.9 BOM信息 ·········································································· -354 -
13.3 建立账套 ······················································································ -358 -
13.3.1 新建公司机构及账套 ···························································· -358 -
13.3.2 设置账套参数······································································ -358 -
13.4 基础资料导入 ················································································ -358 -
13.5 初始数据 ······················································································ -360 -
13.5.1 期初库存············································································ -360 -
13.5.2 期初暂估外购入库单 ···························································· -361 -
13.5.3 期初未核销的委外加工出库单 ················································ -361 -
13.5.4 期初暂估委外加工入库单 ······················································ -362 -
13.5.5结束初始化········································································· -362 -
13.6 日常业务处理 ················································································ -362 -
13.6.1 销售管理············································································ -362 -
13.6.2 产品预测············································································ -364 -
13.6.3 计划管理············································································ -364 -
13.6.4 采购管理············································································ -365 -
13.6.5 委外管理············································································ -366 -
13.6.6 生产任务管理······································································ -366 -
13.6.7 期末处理············································································ -367 -
参考文献 ···································································································· -368 -
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前言
2015年 5月 19日,国务院正式印发了我国实施制造强国战略第一个十年的行动纲领 ——《中国制造 2025》,智能制造将是我国今后一段时期推进两化深度融合的主攻方向。智能制造
的发展以企业的自动化和信息化发展为基础,自动化主要实现生产过程的数字化控制,离不
开各类过程控制类软件的深度应用;信息化主要实现企业研发、制造、销售、服务等环节和
流程的数字化,打通企业内部的数据流,以研发设计类、生产调度类、经营管理类、市场营
销分析类软件的深度应用为特征。因此,涵盖上述软件类别的工业软件是智能制造发展的基
础和核心支撑,可视为智能制造发展的灵魂和风向标。
ERP作为制造企业管理信息化的核心软件,正逐步与车间制造执行系统 MES、高级生产
排程 APS和电子商务等系统实现集成与数据共享,其在企业中的应用日益深入和普及,随之
而来的是 ERP人才的需求越来越大。对 ERP人才的需求主要有三个层次:一是 ERP应用人
才,需熟悉 ERP的基本原理,能够熟练操作和维护 ERP相关工具;二是 ERP软件技术服务
人员,需精通数据库技术与 ERP软件;三是 ERP实施顾问人才,能熟练运用项目实施方法论,
有效处理项目实施过程中出现的种种问题,三个层次的人才呈现金字塔形结构。对 ERP不同
层次人才的需求和能力要求,决定了 ERP课程的教学在注重理论、原理的同时,更应关注 ERP
的应用与实践。
当前有关 ERP方面的教材,可分为供应链管理、生产管理和财务管理三大模块,但主要
以系统应用为主,适合于经管类专业 ERP相关课程的教学,缺乏系统初始化设置、系统运维、
二次开发等方面的深入应用,不利于 ERP高层次人才的培养。为此,课程组根据近几年的 ERP
教学实践和项目实施经验,设计开发了《 ERP应用与实践项目化教程》《 ERP财务与业务一体
化核算》《 ERP项目管理与实施》《电子商务 ERP》等 ERP系列教材。
本书以金蝶 K/3 V13.1版为实验平台,分为 ERP总体流程体验、分模块操作和综合实训
三大部分,共 13章内容,涵盖了系统管理、销售管理、采购管理、 MRP计划、生产数据管
理、生产任务管理、车间作业管理、仓存管理等核心内容。第 1章简要介绍 ERP的发展历程、
管理思想、主要功能和软件市场概况;第 2章通过实际业务案例介绍 ERP的总体业务流程;
第 3章介绍本书使用的模拟案例有关背景和基础资料数据;第 4章主要介绍账套管理、用户
管理、用户权限管理等内容;第 5章介绍公共基础资料设置、系统参数设置及系统初始化等
内容;第 6章介绍生产数据管理的内容,着重介绍工艺路线和物料清单及特性配置;第 7章介绍销售管理系统的日常业务流程及系统参数设置;第 8章介绍物料需求计划制订的日常业务流程及系统参数设置;第 9章介绍采购管理系统的日常业务流程及系统参数设置;第 10章介绍生产任务管理的日常业务流程及系统参数设置;第 11章介绍车间作业管理的日常业务流程及系统参数设置;第 12章简要介绍仓存管理的日常业务流程及系统参数设置;第 13章给出了综合实训所需的基础数据及业务模拟场景。全书共有三套模拟案例,其中第 2章以宁波卓越笔业有限公司为业务场景,第 3章至第 12章以宁波爱运动自行车有限公司自行车生产为业务背景,第 13章综合实训以宁波远景电器有限公司电动牙刷生产为业务背景。
本书的编写结合了作者多年的制造企业 ERP实施经验,也借鉴了一些企业管理和信息化建设的相关资料和文献,非常适合高等院校信息管理、计算机、企业管理等相关专业作为教学用书,对于学生了解企业的管理与实际业务,以及如何与信息系统结合非常有帮助。当然,对于企业信息化主管及业务人员也是一本不错的参考书和培训教材。
本书由浙江纺织服装职业技术学院应玉龙、陈丹儿副教授主编。第 1~3章由应玉龙编写,第 4~6章由陈丹儿编写,第 7、8章由王雪敏编写,第 9、10章由贾祥素编写,第 11、12章由金波编写,第 13章由肖红根编写。全书最后由应玉龙修订和统稿。在本书编写过程中,得到了兄弟院校专业教师及制造企业 CIO的指导,一起探讨了 ERP课程的内容设置与项目化情景设置,在此深表感谢。
由于编者的经验和水平有限,书中仍然会有疏漏和不当之处,敬请读者批评指正,也欢迎读者来信交流 ERP人才培养与 ERP课程教学的经验。Email邮箱是:627516719@qq.com。
为方便教学,本书配备对应金蝶 K/3 V13.1版的账套文件和实验操作视频,如有需要,可登录华信教育资源网(http://www.hxedu.com.cn)免费下载。
编者 2018年 3月于宁波
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