第1 章 Packet Tracer 6.2 使用指南 ······························································ 1
1.1 Packet Tracer 6.2 概述 ······································································· 1
1.2 Packet Tracer 6.2 操作界面 ······························································· 1
1.2.1 菜单栏 ···················································································· 2
1.2.2 拓扑工作区 ············································································ 4
1.2.3 设备列表区 ············································································ 5
1.3 使用Packet Tracer 6.2 搭建网络拓扑 ·············································· 6
1.3.1 添加网络设备 ········································································ 6
1.3.2 添加设备模块 ········································································ 8
1.3.3 连接网络设备 ······································································ 10
1.4 使用Packet Tracer 配置网络 ························································· 12
1.4.1 图形化配置界面配置网络设备 ··········································· 13
1.4.2 命令行接口CLI ··································································· 14
1.4.3 PC 的配置 ············································································ 18
1.5 使用Packet Tracer 进行协议分析 ················································· 19
1.5.1 Packet Tracer 操作模式 ······················································· 19
1.5.2 添加PDU ············································································· 22
1.5.3 查看协议数据包 ··································································· 23
第2 章 数据链路层实验 ·············································································· 25
2.1 实验一：PPP 与PPPoE 学习 ························································· 25
2.1.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 25
2.1.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 27
2.1.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 27
2.1.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 28
2.1.5 思考题 ·················································································· 34
2.2 实验二：以太网帧的封装实验 ······················································ 34
2.2.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 34
2.2.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 36
2.2.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 36
2.2.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 37
2.2.5 思考题 ·················································································· 39
2.3 实验三：集线器与交换机的对比实验 ·········································· 39
2.3.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 39
2.3.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 40
2.3.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 41
2.3.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 42
2.3.5 思考题 ·················································································· 45
2.4 实验四：交换机工作原理 ······························································ 46
2.4.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 46
2.4.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 47
2.4.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 47
2.4.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 48
2.4.5 思考题 ·················································································· 51
2.5 实验五：生成树协议（STP）分析 ··············································· 51
2.5.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 51
2.5.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 52
2.5.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 52
2.5.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 53
2.5.5 思考题 ·················································································· 58
2.6 实验六：虚拟局域网（VLAN）工作原理 ··································· 58
2.6.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 58
2.6.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 59
2.6.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 59
2.6.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 60
2.6.5 思考题 ·················································································· 65
2.7 实验七：无线局域网的帧封装实验 ·············································· 65
2.7.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 65
2.7.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 66
2.7.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 67
2.7.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 67
2.7.5 思考题 ·················································································· 68
第3 章 网络层协议实验 ·············································································· 69
3.1 实验一 ：IP 分析 ··········································································· 69
3.1.1 IP 简介 ·················································································· 69
3.1.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 71
3.1.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 71
3.1.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 72
3.1.5 思考题 ·················································································· 76
3.2 实验二：IP 地址实验 ····································································· 76
3.2.1 IP 地址简介 ·········································································· 76
3.2.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 77
3.2.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 78
3.2.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 78
3.2.5 思考题 ·················································································· 81
3.3 实验三：APR 分析 ········································································· 82
3.3.1 ARP 简介 ············································································· 82
3.3.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 82
3.3.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 83
3.3.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 83
3.3.5 思考题 ·················································································· 85
3.4 实验四：ICMP 分析 ······································································· 85
3.4.1 ICMP 协议简介 ···································································· 85
3.4.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 87
3.4.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 87
3.4.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 87
3.4.5 思考题 ·················································································· 89
3.5 实验五：直连路由与静态路由 ······················································ 90
3.5.1 路由知识 ·············································································· 90
3.5.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 91
3.5.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 91
3.5.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 92
3.5.5 思考题 ·················································································· 95
3.6 实验六：RIP 协议分析 ·································································· 95
3.6.1 RIP 协议简介 ······································································· 95
3.6.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 97
3.6.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 97
3.6.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 97
3.6.5 思考题 ·················································································· 99
3.7 实验七：OSPF 协议分析 ······························································· 99
3.7.1 OSPF 协议简介 ···································································· 99
3.7.2 实验目的 ············································································ 101
3.7.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 101
3.7.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 101
3.7.5 思考题 ················································································ 103
3.8 实验八：VPN 与NAT 协议分析 ················································· 103
3.8.1 背景知识 ············································································ 103
3.8.2 实验目的 ············································································ 105
3.8.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 105
3.8.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 106
3.8.5 思考题 ················································································ 107
3.9 实验九：IPv6 协议分析 ······························································· 107
3.9.1 IPv6 简介 ············································································ 107
3.9.2 实验目的 ············································································ 109
3.9.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 109
3.9.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 111
3.9.5 思考题 ················································································ 113
第4 章 运输层协议实验 ············································································ 114
4.1 实验一：运输层端口观察实验 ···················································· 114
4.1.1 背景知识 ············································································ 114
4.1.2 实验目的 ············································································ 115
4.1.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 115
4.1.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 116
4.1.5 思考题 ················································································ 118
4.2 实验二：UDP 与TCP 的对比分析 ·············································· 118
4.2.1 背景知识 ············································································ 118
4.2.2 实验目的 ············································································ 120
4.2.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 121
4.2.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 121
4.2.5 思考题 ················································································ 122
4.3 实验三：TCP 的连接管理 ···························································· 123
4.3.1 背景知识 ············································································ 123
4.3.2 实验目的 ············································································ 125
4.3.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 125
4.3.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 125
4.3.5 思考题 ················································································ 127
4.4 实验四：TCP 序号和确认号 ························································ 127
4.4.1 背景知识 ············································································ 127
4.4.2 实验目的 ············································································ 128
4.4.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 128
4.4.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 128
4.4.5 思考题 ················································································ 131
第5 章 应用层协议实验 ············································································ 132
5.1 实验一：DNS 解析实验 ······························································· 132
5.1.1 DNS 协议简介 ··································································· 132
5.1.2 实验目的 ············································································ 135
5.1.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 135
5.1.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 138
5.1.5 思考题 ················································································ 142
5.2 实验二：DHCP 分析 ···································································· 143
5.2.1 DHCP 简介 ········································································· 143
5.2.2 实验目的 ············································································ 145
5.2.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 146
5.2.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 148
5.2.5 思考题 ················································································ 150
5.3 实验三：HTTP 分析 ····································································· 151
5.3.1 HTTP 简介 ········································································· 151
5.3.2 实验目的 ············································································ 154
5.3.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 154
5.3.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 155
5.3.5 思考题 ················································································ 157
5.4 实验四：电子邮件协议分析 ························································ 157
5.4.1 电子邮件协议简介 ····························································· 157
5.4.2 实验目的 ············································································ 160
5.4.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 160
5.4.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 162
5.4.5 思考题 ················································································ 165
5.5 实验五：文件传输协议分析 ························································ 165
5.5.1 文件传输协议简介 ····························································· 165
5.5.2 实验目的 ············································································ 168
5.5.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 169
5.5.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 170
5.5.5 思考题 ················································································ 176
第6 章 网络安全实验 ················································································ 177
6.1 实验一：访问控制列表 ································································ 177
6.1.1 背景知识 ············································································ 177
6.1.2 实验配置说明 ···································································· 178
6.1.3 实验目的 ············································································ 180
6.1.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 180
6.1.5 思考题 ················································································ 185
6.2 实验二：IPSec VPN ····································································· 185
6.2.1 背景知识 ············································································ 185
6.2.2 实验配置说明 ···································································· 186
6.2.3 实验目的 ············································································ 187
6.2.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 188
6.2.5 思考题 ················································································ 191
第7 章 综合实验 ························································································ 192
7.1 实验一：协议综合分析 ································································ 192
7.1.1 背景知识 ············································································ 192
7.1.2 实验目的 ············································································ 193
7.1.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 193
7.1.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 196
7.1.5 思考题 ················································································ 201
7.2 实验二：三层架构企业网络 ························································ 202
7.2.1 背景知识 ············································································ 202
7.2.2 实验配置说明 ···································································· 204
7.2.3 实验目的 ············································································ 205
7.2.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 206
7.2.5 思考题 ················································································ 211
附录A 实验报告规范 ················································································ 213
附录B 思考题参考答案 ············································································· 216