目 录
第1 章 初识C 语言 ············································································································ 1
1.1 C 语言概述 ··························································································· 1
1.2 C 语言开发环境 ····················································································· 2
1.2.1 运行C 语言程序的步骤和方法 ············································································ 2
1.2.2 最简单的C 语言程序 ························································································ 3
1.3 算法 ···································································································· 4
1.3.1 算法的定义 ···································································································· 4
1.3.2 算法的表示 ···································································································· 4
1.3.3 算法举例 ······································································································· 7
本章小结 ···································································································· 10
习题1 ······································································································· 10
第2 章 C 语言知识在实践中的应用 ·················································································· 11
2.1 案例介绍 ····························································································· 11
2.2 案例分析 ····························································································· 12
2.2.1 显示单个数字 ································································································ 12
2.2.2 依次显示数字 ································································································ 14
2.2.3 无限次或有限次循环显示数字0～9 ····································································· 15
2.2.4 循环显示任意一位指定数字 ·············································································· 15
2.2.5 保存显示过的所有数字 ···················································································· 15
2.2.6 显示多位整数或小数 ······················································································· 15
2.3 增量划分和进度安排 ·············································································· 16
2.4 LED 数码管接口文件 ············································································· 16
本章小结 ···································································································· 18
第3 章 基本数据类型 ······································································································· 19
3.1 基本技能 ····························································································· 19
3.1.1 C 语言的数据类型 ·························································································· 19
3.1.2 标识符 ········································································································· 21
3.1.3 常量 ············································································································ 21
3.2.4 变量 ············································································································ 23
3.2.5 数据的输入、输出 ·························································································· 26
3.2 增量式项目驱动 ···················································································· 31
本章小结 ···································································································· 33
习题3 ······································································································· 34
第4 章 运算符与表达式 ··································································································· 37
4.1 基本技能 ····························································································· 37
4.1.1 算术运算符 ··································································································· 38
4.1.2 关系运算符 ··································································································· 40
4.1.3 逻辑运算符 ··································································································· 41
4.1.4 条件运算符 ··································································································· 42
4.1.5 逗号运算符 ··································································································· 43
4.1.6 位运算符 ······································································································ 43
4.1.7 赋值运算符 ··································································································· 45
4.1.7 不同数据类型间的转换 ···················································································· 46
4.1.8 C 程序的结构 ································································································ 47
4.1.9 顺序结构的C 语言程序 ···················································································· 48
4.2 增量式项目驱动 ···················································································· 49
本章小结 ···································································································· 51
习题4 ······································································································· 51
第5 章 选择结构程序设计 ································································································ 54
5.1 基本技能 ····························································································· 54
5.1.1 单分支if 语句 ································································································ 54
5.1.2 双分支if-else 语句 ·························································································· 55
5.1.3 if-else-if 结构 ································································································· 57
5.1.4 if 语句的嵌套 ································································································· 59
5.1.5 开关语句 ······································································································ 62
5.2 增量式项目驱动 ···················································································· 64
本章小结 ···································································································· 72
习题5 ······································································································· 72
第6 章 循环结构程序设计 ································································································ 77
6.1 基本技能 ····························································································· 77
6.1.1 while 循环语句 ······························································································· 77
6.1.2 do-while 循环语句 ··························································································· 78
6.1.3 for 循环语句 ·································································································· 81
6.1.4 循环的嵌套 ··································································································· 84
6.1.5 break 语句 ····································································································· 85
6.1.6 continue 语句 ································································································· 86
6.2 增量式项目驱动 ···················································································· 87
本章小结 ···································································································· 98
习题6 ······································································································· 98
第7 章 函数调用 ············································································································ 102
7.1 基本技能 ··························································································· 102
7.1.1 函数的分类和定义 ························································································ 102
7.1.2 函数的参数和函数的值 ·················································································· 103
7.1.3 函数的调用 ································································································· 106
7.1.4 函数的嵌套和递归调用 ·················································································· 107
7.1.5 变量的作用域 ······························································································ 109
7.1.6 变量的存储方式和生存期 ··············································································· 112
7.2 增量式项目驱动 ·················································································· 114
本章小结 ·································································································· 125
习题7 ····································································································· 125
第8 章 数组 ··················································································································· 129
8.1 基本技能 ··························································································· 129
8.1.1 函数的分类和定义 ························································································ 129
8.1.2 二维数组 ···································································································· 134
8.1.3 数组作为函数参数 ························································································ 137
8.2 增量式项目驱动 ·················································································· 139
本章小结 ·································································································· 145
习题8 ····································································································· 145
第9 章 指针 ··················································································································· 150
9.1 基本技能 ··························································································· 150
9.1.1 指针概述 ···································································································· 150
9.1.2 指针变量 ···································································································· 151
9.1.3 指针与数组 ································································································· 154
9.1.4 指针与函数 ································································································· 159
9.1.5 指针的内存处理 ··························································································· 162
9.2 增量式项目驱动 ·················································································· 162
本章小结 ·································································································· 168
习题9 ····································································································· 168
第10 章 字符串处理 ······································································································· 173
10.1 字符数组、字符串与指针 ···································································· 173
10.1.1 字符数组、字符串与指针概述 ········································································ 173
10.1.2 字符数组的输入和输出 ················································································· 176
10.2 字符串处理函数 ················································································ 177
本章小结 ·································································································· 183
习题10 ···································································································· 183
第11 章 结构体、共用体和枚举 ····················································································· 188
11.1 基本技能 ·························································································· 188
11.1.1 结构体类型 ································································································ 188
11.1.2 结构体数组 ································································································ 191
11.1.3 结构体指针和函数 ······················································································· 193
11.1.4 共用体类型 ································································································ 196
11.1.5 枚举类型 ··································································································· 197
11.2 增量项目驱动 ···················································································· 199
本章小结 ·································································································· 202
习题11 ···································································································· 203
第12 章 读写文件 ·········································································································· 207
12.1 基本技能 ························································································· 207
12.1.1 文件 ········································································································· 207
12.1.2 读取文本文件 ····························································································· 208
12.1.3 写文本文件 ································································································ 210
12.1.4 读写二进制文件 ·························································································· 212
12.1.5 随机读写文件 ····························································································· 216
12.2 增量项目驱动 ··················································································· 218
本章小结 ·································································································· 220
习题12 ···································································································· 220
第13 章 预编译命令 ······································································································· 225
13.1 预编译的概念和作用 ·········································································· 225
13.2 文件包含 ························································································· 226
13.3 宏定义 ···························································································· 226
13.4 条件编译 ························································································· 230
本章小结 ·································································································· 231
习题13 ···································································································· 231
附录A ASCII 码 ············································································································· 233
附录B C 语言中的关键字 ······························································································ 235
附录C 运算符、优先级和结合性 ···················································································· 237
附录D C 语言中的关键字 ······························································································ 238
附录E C 语言标准头文件 ······························································································ 240