目 录
绪论 工作任务说明 .............................................................................................1
一、传感器应用电路结构模型 ..............................................................................................................1
1．传感器 ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
2．传感器的结构作用和特点 ......................................................................................................................... 1
3．传感器应用电路结构 ................................................................................................................................. 2
4．传感器选择的一般原则 ............................................................................................................................. 4
二、传感器应用电路实训任务建议 ......................................................................................................4
工作任务一 温度传感器及应用 ...........................................................................6
一、任务完成环境 ..................................................................................................................................6
1．任务描述 ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
2．任务条件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
二、任务完成及知识链接 ......................................................................................................................7
1．电阻式温度传感器 ..................................................................................................................................... 7
2．热电偶温度传感器 ................................................................................................................................... 16
3．集成温度传感器 ....................................................................................................................................... 18
三、任务小结 ........................................................................................................................................27
四、相关知识──温度知识 ................................................................................................................27
1．什么是温度 ............................................................................................................................................... 27
2．温度的本质 ............................................................................................................................................... 28
3．温度的应用 ............................................................................................................................................... 28
工作任务二 光电传感器及应用 .........................................................................29
一、任务完成环境 ................................................................................................................................29
1．任务描述 ................................................................................................................................................... 29
2．任务条件 ................................................................................................................................................... 29
二、任务完成及知识链接 ....................................................................................................................30
1．光敏电阻传感器 ....................................................................................................................................... 30
2．光敏二极管（含红外接收二极管）传感器 ........................................................................................... 35
6
传感器技术及应用
3．光敏三极管（含红外接收三极管）传感器 ........................................................................................... 41
4．热释电红外传感器 ................................................................................................................................... 47
5．光电池传感器 ........................................................................................................................................... 54
6．CCD 图像传感器 ..................................................................................................................................... 59
三、任务小结 ........................................................................................................................................61
四、相关知识——光学知识 ................................................................................................................62
1．什么是光 ................................................................................................................................................... 62
2．光的本质 ................................................................................................................................................... 62
3．光的应用 ................................................................................................................................................... 62
工作任务三 磁敏传感器及应用 .........................................................................64
一、任务完成环境 ................................................................................................................................64
1．任务描述 ................................................................................................................................................... 64
2．任务条件 ................................................................................................................................................... 64
二、任务完成及知识链接 ....................................................................................................................65
1．磁敏电阻传感器 ....................................................................................................................................... 65
2．磁敏二极管传感器 ................................................................................................................................... 67
3．磁敏三极管传感器 ................................................................................................................................... 69
4．霍尔磁敏传感器 ....................................................................................................................................... 72
5．干簧管磁敏传感器 ................................................................................................................................... 76
三、任务小结 ........................................................................................................................................79
四、相关知识——磁场知识 ................................................................................................................80
1．什么是磁场 ............................................................................................................................................... 80
2．磁场的本质 ............................................................................................................................................... 80
3．磁场的应用 ............................................................................................................................................... 80
工作任务四 声电和振动类传感器及应用 ..........................................................81
一、任务完成环境 ................................................................................................................................81
1．任务描述 ................................................................................................................................................... 81
2．任务条件 ................................................................................................................................................... 81
二、任务完成及知识链接 ....................................................................................................................82
1．声电传感器 ............................................................................................................................................... 82
2．超声波传感器 ........................................................................................................................................... 86
3．振动类传感器 ........................................................................................................................................... 93
三、任务小结 ........................................................................................................................................96
四、相关知识——声音和振动 ............................................................................................................97
1．什么是振动 ............................................................................................................................................... 97
2．声音的本质 ............................................................................................................................................... 97
3．振动和声音的应用 ................................................................................................................................... 97
目 录
7
工作任务五 其他电效应传感器及应用 ..............................................................99
一、任务完成环境 ................................................................................................................................99
1．任务描述 ................................................................................................................................................... 99
2．任务条件 ................................................................................................................................................... 99
二、任务完成及知识链接 ..................................................................................................................100
1．力电传感器 ............................................................................................................................................. 100
2．气敏电阻传感器 ..................................................................................................................................... 108
3．湿敏传感器 ............................................................................................................................................. 116
三、任务小结 ......................................................................................................................................121
四、相关知识——压力、气体和湿度知识 ......................................................................................122
1．压力 ......................................................................................................................................................... 122
2．气体 ......................................................................................................................................................... 122
3．湿度 ......................................................................................................................................................... 122
工作任务六 传感器信号的检测及处理方法 .....................................................123
一、任务完成环境 ..............................................................................................................................123
1．任务描述 ................................................................................................................................................. 123
2．任务条件 ................................................................................................................................................. 123
二、任务完成及知识链接 ..................................................................................................................123
1．传感器的信号 ......................................................................................................................................... 123
2．传感器信号的检测 ................................................................................................................................. 127
3．抗干扰技术 ............................................................................................................................................. 131
三、任务小结 ......................................................................................................................................135
1．要点内容 ................................................................................................................................................. 135
2．评价 ......................................................................................................................................................... 135
四、相关知识 ......................................................................................................................................136
1．编码知识 ................................................................................................................................................. 136
2．微处理器端口简单的电路知识 ............................................................................................................. 136
附录A 部分传感器参考数据 ...........................................................................139
附录B 部分传感器符号 ..................................................................................142
参考文献 .........................................................................................................144