Contents
Preface：using this book 
Acknowledgements

ADDreVlatIOns
1 Introduction to international business
Introduction
Patterns and trends in international business
Globalisation
The multinational enterprise(MNE)
How important are the multinationals?
Useful websites
Useful key texts
Other texts and sources
Case studies

1．Dyson relocates production tO South-East Asla
1．2 Happy birthday,globalisation
1．3 How tO play the home advantage
1．4 Does a global approach benefit the company?
1．5  Competing in a globalised economy
Boxes
1．1  Relative Unit Labour Costs(RULC)
1．2 Definitions of globalisation
1．3  Globalisation features
2 lnternatiOnaIiSatiOn process
    Introduction
    Export-based methods for internationalisation
    Non-equity-based methods for internationalisation
    Equity-based methods for internationalisation
    Whv invest abroad?
    Theoretical explanations
    Useful websites
    Useful key texts
    Other texts and sources
 Case studies
2．1 Helping inward fdi
2．2 Patents and the EU pharmaceuticals market
2．3 Legal process outsourcing in India
2．4  Market entry into China
2．5 The Japanese keiretsu
2．6  China versus South Korea
Z．7    Toyota wlns support for its US operations
2．8 Daewoo moves into international agriculture
2．9  Internationalisation may not always deliver!
Boxes
2．1  ‘Flat tax’regimes
2．2  Government policies，exporting and fdi
3 International business：theory and practice
Introduction
Gains from trade
Sources of comparative and competitive advantage
Trade and the world economy
Barriers to trade
Protectionist policies
Regional trading arrangements
Government policies and international business
Internationalinstitutions and world trade
The  International Monetary Fundl(IMF)
World Bank
 Useful websites
 Useful key texts
 Other texts and sources
 Case studies
 3．1  Impacts of fleer trade
 3．2  Intra-industry trade：Honda
 3．3 High cost of anti-dumping tariffs
 3．4 Harbours of resentment
 3．5  WTo to rule on US import duties
 Boxes
 3．1  Comparative advantage and opportunity cost
 3．2  Gains from trade
 3．3  Impacts of a tariff
 3．4  Impacts of a subsidy
 3．5  Customs Union：trade creation and trade diversion
 3．6  Impacts of EU policies on farms and agri-businesses
 3．7  IMF stabilisation programmes
 3．8 WOrid Bank structural adj ustment and stabilisation
4 The political，legal，economic and technological environment
Introduction
Political environment
Political risk
The internationallegal environment
Intellectual property rights
Economic systems
Economic variables and the business environment
Technological environment
Technology transfer
Useful websites
Useful key texts
Other texts and sources
 Case studies
4．1  Chinese government and EU milk products
4．2  BMW after Rover
4．3 Tougher scrutiny of foreign takeovers in US
4．4  Intellectual property rights(IPR)in India：Novartis
4．5  Extending copyright
4．6  Intellectual property rights in China(IPR)：Durex
4．7  Market influences on Wellcome share price
4．8  China’S capital markets begin to open
4．9  Finance chiefs take pessimistic view
Boxes
4．1  EU directives and state aid
4．2  EU directives and data protection
4．3  Strategic patenting
4．4  Elasticity of demand
4．5  Creating or destroying j obs
5 InternationaI SOciOcuIluraI environment
Introduction
National cultural characteristics
Cultural impacts on international business
National，organisational and occupational cultures
Strategies for developing intercultural competence
Useful websites
Useful key texts
Other texts and sources
Case studies
5．1  National culture and Japanese competitiveness
5．2  East meets West
5．3  Culture of communication breaks through traditional barriers
5．4  Corporate culture and Japanese competitiveness
5．5  Management gurus might rethink the Dutch approach
5．6  Challenges to cross-cultural team management
5．7  Corporate‘personality’has a big impact on business success
Boxes
5．1  A clash of cultures
5．2  National and organisational cultural dimensions
6 International ethical and ecological environment
Introduction
Business ethics
Ethics and the corp orate culture
Different ethical positions
International business ethics
International eftorts to improve business ethics
Ecological/environmental issues
Global warming，‘carbon footprint’and tradable permits
Useful websites
Us eful key texts
other texts and sources
Case studies
6．1 The Body Shop
6．2  Ethics and profits
6．3  Bribery and international business
6．4  US groups in ethical standards push
6.5 Taxing and regulating smoking
6.6  Organic farming
6．7  Biofuels subsidies criticised
6．8 Prices‘no incentive’for a clean-up
Boxes
6．1  An ethical dilemma
6．2 TI Corruption Perception Index
6．3  Environmental impacts，taxes and regulations
6．4  Stern Report and global warming
6．5 The EU Emissions Trading Scheme
7 International strategic issues
IntrOductlOn
Business strategy-ideas and concepts
Choice of strategy
Corporate strategy in a global economy
International business and the value chain
International business strategies
International business strategies and political perspectives
Institutional strategies and international business
Techniques for strategic analysis
International operations management and logistical strategies
Useful websites
Useful key texts
Other texts and sorces
Case studies 
7.1    Sbtrategles in practice

7.2  Strategic mistakes at Citigroup
7．3  MNE strategies in the US market
7．4  US carmaking：political and economic imperatives
7．5 Daimler-Benz AG and Chrysler
7．6 Telematics and strategic choices

7.7    Game theory in actlon：designing the US airwaveS auction
7．8  Strategic scenario analysis：AMD versus Intel
7．9  Operations management system：Kahn Handicrafts
Boxes
7．1  Mergers and acquisitions incentives
7．2 Two-firm zero-sum game
7．3 Lean production
7．4  Inventory(stock)costs and control
7．5  Economies of scope and the transport sector
8 International human resource management
Introduction
Human resource management function
International human resource management(IHRM)
International HRM approaches
IHRM policies and practices
Work practice in an international context
Useful websites
Useful key texts
Other texts and sources
 Case studies
 8．1  HRM and the external environment
 8．2  Islamic culture and IHRM
 8．3  Mindset of a Toyota manager revealed
 8．4  Reward mechanisms in cross-cultural contexts
 8．5  Flexible working and IHRM
Boxes
8．1  Greek national culture and decentralisation of the IHRM function
9 International marketing
Introduction

The principal actlvmes of marketing
International marketing
Decision making and international marketing
Market selection
Market-entry strategies
International marketing mix
International marketing planning
Useful websites
Useful key texts
0ther texts and sources
Case studies
9．1  Global rebranding of BP
9．2  A better burger thanks to data crunching
9．3  Variations in the international marketing mix
9．4  India’s new affluent consumers
9．5  Global brands
9．6 Lessons for marketers who face a hard sell
9．7 Love in a warm climate
9．8  Indian stores in search of drama
Boxes
9．1  Market segmentation
9．2  Strategic pricing initiatives
9．3 Price elasticity of demand(PED)and revenue
9．4 Price discrimination
9.5 Promotion/advertising and demand
9．6  UK internet trends in 2007/08
10 International finance：theory and practice
    Introduction
    International financial markets
    The exchange rate
    International debt financing
    International equity markets
    Strategic financial risk management
    Accounting and financial decision making
    Major financial accounting statements
    The income statement
    The balance sheet
    Statement of changes in eq uity
    The cash flow statement
    Published accounts
    Differences of reporting and accounting approach in different countries
    Global accounting standards
Corporate governance and international business
Useful websites
Useful key texts
Other texts and sources

Case studies
1O．1 SIV managers dig out their manuals
10．2 Seniority brings a false sense of security
10．3 Sum of the parts
10．4 Spate of downgrades raises fears
10．5 Risk needs a human touch
10．6‘To converge to a single set of standards is now crucial’
Boxes
1O．1 Types of exchange rate
10．2 The Structured Investment Vehicle(SIV)

10．3 Financlal instrUments and Internatlonal trade
10．4 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002
Answers and responses
Index